Long Spine Board Immobilization, an Overused Pre-hospital Intervention

Patients, that have suffered blunt or penetrating trauma that is significant enough to cause spinal injury, have always been treated by Emergency Medical Services with full spinal immobilization. Most textbooks for paramedics and EMTs stress the importance of procuring manual c-spine immobilization, followed by c-collar application, and then placed on a spinal board with the patient’s head secured to the spinal board. This management of trauma patients has long been the industry standard, but studies that prove patients benefit from the procedure are lacking and some studies have shown that spinal immobilization can actually be detrimental to patients. While true spinal cord trauma is a devastating injury its actual incidence is extremely low. In a study that examined one million trauma victims, only 2% had true spinal cord damage and of that 2%, only 1% had neurological deficits of any kind. Moreover, there is little data to suggest that our efforts at spinal immobilization are even effective. (Santa Cruz County EMS Integration Authority, 2012, para. 2) If only 2% of one million trauma victims had a true spinal cord injury that means 998,000 patients received full spinal immobilization that was unnecessary when only 2,000 warranted spinal immobilization. The use of long board spinal restriction as a precautionary measure should be reconsidered. Studies conducted by Chang et al. (2010) concluded that patients that suffered from penetrating trauma that were treated with spinal immobilization actually had higher mortality rates. The study suggests that the difficulty of controlling the patient’s airway and decreased respiratory drive caused by the supine position of the patient could be contributing factors in the mortality rates... ... 609-615. Chang, D. C.,Efron, D. T., Haut,E. R., Haider, A. H., Kalish, B. T.,Kieninger, A. N., & Stevens, K. A., (2010). Spine immobilization in penetrating trauma: more harm than good? Journal of Trauma-injury Infection and Critical Care, 68(1), 115-120. Hamel, M. G. (2014). How Lee County (Fla.) EMS implemented a new paradigm of cervical spine management. Journal of Emergency Medical Services, 14(1), 62-63. Hauswald, M. (2013). A re-conceptualisation of acute spinal care. Emergency Medicine Journel, 30(9), 720-723. McHugh, T. P., & Taylor, J. P. (2009). Unnecessary out-of-hospital use of full spinal immobilization. Academy of Emergency Medicine, 5(3), 278-280. Santa Cruz County EMS Integration Authority. (2012). New thinking on spinal immobilization. Retrieved from http://www.acphd.org/media/311913/santa%20cruz-%20new%20thinking%20about%20spine%20injures.pdf

Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Education Teachers Teaching Essays

Teaching Philosophy Statement There have been many teachers come and go in my life, but only a few really stand out. The reason I want to teach is because of these few teachers that have touched my life. A unique world of opportunity rests within an educational system. The ability to influence minds is a wonderful thing. I don’t want to be one of those ordinary teachers; I want to become an exceptional teacher. I want to be the teacher that everyone values. I understand that it will take a lot of hard work to become this type of teacher, but I’m willing to do so. I hope to be a positive influence on my students. I want to be able to motivate my students, and give them a full opportunity to learn. I wish for the students who leave my classroom to have accomplished independence, knowledge, and self-discipline. I think these three aspects are the aspects of an effective classroom environment. My philosophy on education is an eclectic philosophy. I find that I lean toward the essentialist philosophy. Wanting to be a science teacher, I believe that natural sciences should be a core curriculum. Although I feel that lecture and discussion are great ways to lean, I think a variety of methods should be used. I think an effective classroom should obtain other methods of learning such as cooperative learning, mastery learning, project based instruction along with direct instruction. I believe that academic rigor is an essential component of education. I believe students should master certain key materials before being passed on to the next grade level. Other than essentialism, I find another philosophy I lean toward is perrenialism. What makes me lean toward perrenialism is that I believe that methods such as: problem solving, discussion, lecture, critical thinking, and questioning should be used in every classroom. As a science teacher I would think that problem solving would be the best way to educate my students. My goals for the future are to graduate from Concord with a Bachelor’s in Science Education of grades 9-12. I then intend on maybe teaching and then going on to obtain a Master’s degree.

Hess’s Law

Enthalpy and Hess’s Law Lab Introduction Every chemical reaction is accompanied by a change in heat. Thermochemical reactions include the heat of reaction as part of the equation. The heat released or absorbed in a reaction at constant pressure is the Enthalpy change (? Hrxn) for the reaction. The enthalpy change for each reaction is unique to that reaction. Many values for ? Hrxn were experimentally determined, and many were calculated used Hess’s law.This lab will illustrate the principle of Hess’s law: if a reaction can be carried out in a series of steps, the sum of the enthalpies for each step equals the enthalpy change for the overall reaction. ?Hrxn = ? Hstep1 + ? Hstep2 . The three reactions that we will be using are as follows: Reaction 1: Reaction 2: Reaction 3: NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) NaOH(s) ? NaOH(aq) Since reaction 1 can be obtained by adding reactions 2 and 3, the ? Hrxn1 should equal ? Hrxn2 + ? Hrxn3. At constant pressure ? Hrxn = qp. We cannot directly measure ?Hrxn or qp, but we can measure the change in temperature for a solution, and using the specific heat of the solution, and the grams of solution, we can find qp using the following equation: Equation 1: q = (grams of solution) x (specific heat of solution) x ? T The heat that is released by the reaction will be absorbed by both the surroundings; in this case, the water in the solution and the calorimeter itself: Equation 2: qrxn = -(qsolution + qcalorimeter) Since every group’s calorimeter is slightly different, the heat capacity for the calorimeter will need to experimentally determine before it is used.Pre-Lab Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Define ? Hrxn. Define specific heat, and heat capacity. How are these two terms different? The specific heat of a solution is 4. 18 J/gK and its density is 1. 02g/mL. The solution is formed by combining 25. 0mL of solution A with 25. 0mL of solution B, with each solution init ially at 21. 4C. The final temperature of the combined solutions is 25. 3C. Calculate the heat of reaction, qrxn, assuming no heat loss to the calorimeter. If the calorimeter in the reaction above has a Heat Capacity of 8. 20J/C, recalculate the qrxn, taking the heat loss to the calorimeter into account.If the reaction above between solutions A and B goes as follows: A(aq) + B(aq) ? AB(aq), and the molarity of A in solution A is 0. 60M, and the molarity of B in solution B is 0. 60M, what is the enthalpy of reaction (? Hrxn), for the formation of 1 mole of AB in solution. Express ? Hrxn in kJ/mol Materials NaOH(s) HCl(aq, 1. 0M) 250mL Beaker Digital Thermometer Graduated Cylinder Balance Distilled Water NaOH(aq, 1. 0M) Calorimeter w/ Lid Magnetic Stirrer and Stir Bar Procedure Part 1: Determining the heat capacity of the Calorimeter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.Set up a calorimeter of two nested cups with a cover inside a beaker. Measure 50. 0mL of room temp distilled water into the calori meter. Place the calorimeter on a magnetic stirrer and add a stir bar, set the stir bar to stir slowly. (Alternatively, gently stir the solution with the thermometer. ) Record the Temperature of the water in the calorimeter. Heat or obtain roughly 75mL of 70? C water. Measure out 50. 0mL of this water using a graduated cylinder. Record the temperature of the hot water, and pour the hot water into the room temp water in the calorimeter. Cover the calorimeter and insert the thermometer. . Stir and record the temperature every 20 seconds for three minutes. 10. Empty and dry the inside of the calorimeter, thermometer, and stir bar. Part 2: Determining the heats of Reaction Reaction 1: NaOH(s) ? NaOH(aq) 1. Weigh out about 2. 0g of NaOH(s). Record the actual weight. 2. Add 100. 0mL of room temperature water to the calorimeter. 3. Start the stir bar and record the temperature of the water. 4. Add the NaOH(s), and record the temperature once every 20 seconds, until it stops changing. 5. Du mp out the NaOH(aq) into the sink, rinse out, and dry the calorimeter, thermometer, and stir bar.Reaction 2: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 6. Combine 50. 0mL of 1. 0M NaOH and 50. 0mL 1. 0M HCl, in the calorimeter, 7. Record the temperature once every 20 seconds, until it stops changing. 8. Dump out the solution into the sink, rinse and dry the calorimeter, thermometer, and stir bar. Reaction 3: NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 9. Measure 50. 0mL of Distilled water into the calorimeter. 10. Add 2. 0g of NaOH(s) (Record the actual weight) and 50. 0mL of 1. 0M HCl to your calorimeter 11. Record the temperature once every 20 seconds, until it stops changing.. 12.Dump out the solution into the sink, rinse and dry the calorimeter, thermometer, and stir bar. Data Create a data table to hold all of your data for the 2 parts. Make sure you have a space for the initial and final temperatures, as well as the mass or volume for each reactant. Calculations 1. Calculate the Heat Ca pacity of the Calorimeter. a. When equal volumes of hot and cold water are combined, if there is no heat loss the new temperature should be the average of the two starting temperatures. In actual practice, the new temperature will be slightly less than the average because of heat lost to the calorimeter assembly.Additionally, when two solutions are mixed the thermometer cannot instantaneously record the temperature of the combined solutions. The solutions require some time to become completely mixed, and the thermometer needs time to come to temperature equilibrium with the solution. The theoretical temperature that the mixture would have if the process occurred instantaneously can be found from a graph. Plot the data with temperature on the vertical axis versus time on the horizontal axis. The first few points may be erratic because of incomplete mixing and lack of temperature equilibrium with the thermometer.The points that follow should occur in a straight line as the temperature slowly drops while heat is lost to the calorimeter and to the surroundings. Draw a straight line through these points, and extend it back to find the temperature at time zero, the theoretical instantaneous temperature of mixing, Tmix. See Figure 1. b. Calculate the average temperature of the hot and cold water, Tavg. c. The difference between the average temperature, Tavg and the instantaneous temperature, Tmix, is due to the fact that some heat was lost by the water and absorbed by the calorimeter.Calculate q water, the heat lost by the water: qwater = (grams of water) x (specific heat of water) x (Tmix – Tavg) where qwater = heat lost by water and the specific heat of water is 4. 18 J/(g ·Ã‚ °C). The heat absorbed by the calorimeter, qcalorimeter, will be equal to that lost by the water but opposite in sign. qcalorimeter = ? qwater d. Calculate the heat capacity of the calorimeter, Ccalorimeter, which is the heat that the calorimeter absorbs each time the temperature of the solution changes 1 °C: Ccalorimeter =qwater / (Tmix -Tinitial) where Tinitial is the initial temperature of the cool water. . Calculate ? H for Each Reaction. e. Graph the temperature versus time for each of the three reactions tested. Extrapolate the line back to find the theoretical instantaneous mixing temperature, Tmix, as you did above. f. Calculate the amount of heat evolved in each reaction, qrxn, by assuming that all of the heat is absorbed by the solutions and the calorimeter: qrxn = – [heat absorbed by solution + heat absorbed by calorimeter] qrxn = – [(grams of solution x specific heat of solution x ? Tsolution ) + (Ccalorimeter x ? Tsolution)] where ? Tsolution = (Tmix – Tinitial) for each reaction mixture.Assume that the density of the solutions is 1. 03 g/mL, and that the specific heat of the solutions is the same as that of water, 4. 18 J/(g ·Ã‚ °C). g. 3. Calculate the value of the enthalpy change, ? H, in terms of kJ/mole for each of the reactions. Verify Hess's Law. . h. i. j. Discussion Conclusion Write net ionic equations for the three reactions involved. Show how you must arrange the first two equations to algebraically find the third. Calculate the value of ? H for the third reaction from your ? H values for the first two reactions using Hess's law. Find the percent difference between the calculated and measured values.

New Forest Coastline

The New Forest coastline is situated between the Dorset border and the Southampton Water on the south-west coast of Britain. It is split into three main areas and is managed mainly by the New Forest District Council but also other councils. The three areas are, Christchurch Bay, Western Solent, and Southampton Water. There is a big issue that affects this coastline. The cliffs on the coast are slowly being eroded, and the low-lying areas need to be protected from coastal flooding. Natural landscapes and wildlife habitats need to be protected for people who want to work and visit the areas. This problem attracts a lot of interest from all the councils who try and decide what system and form of protection should be used. Physical Features & Human Land-use The coastline is lined with many landforms and the land surrounding the area is used by humans for various activities. Christchurch Bay between Highcliffe and Hurst Spit has very narrow shingle beaches on its coastline and is backed by cliffs that are up to 30m in height. These cliffs are mainly made of sand and clay and are subject to erosion and in some places the cliffs have retreated up to 60m over 25 years. Even built up areas are exposed to coastal flooding and occasionally experience mudflows and landslips. Hurst Spit itself is vulnerable to the erosion of the sea after having been breached over several years. The area is used mainly for settlement and many villages have been built up along the coast all of which are in danger of flooding and/or collapsing. The Western Solent between Hurst Spit and Calshot is slightly different to Christchurch Bay. This area is full of coastal marshes with a lot of wildlife and animal habitats. This area is low-lying and therefore there is a major risk of flooding, especially when there are high tides and heavy rain. There are also two river estuaries from the Lymington River and the Beaulieu River. This area is used for boat-building and repair but also for recreational sailing. Southampton Water is situated between the towns of Calshot and Redbridge. There are coast marshes and intertidal areas with a great nature and wildlife value. The area is at risk from water pollution caused by domestic sewage and industrial waste. This former river estuary has been now developed and is used for major industry including oil refining and there is also a power station. The rest of the area is used for housing. Why we Need a Coastal Management System There is a big need for a coastal management system. Human activity has influenced the area because the scenery and recreational activities and potential attract many visitors and holiday-makers. Many other people emigrate there because it provides an attractive environment to live, work and retire. The coastline brings in more money for the locals in the form of â€Å"foreigners† and therefore without the coastline many people would have no source of income. However, human activity provides a certain amount of pressure which threatens to change the coastline and its natural ecological balance. Apart from human factors physical factors hat take place also influence the coastline's shape. Waves, Currents, groundwater, movements and weathering have a considerable impact on the shape of the coastline and human activity – this must be to be taken into account when deciding management proposals for the coast. Action taken by the Local Authority The local authority has done a lot of work involving the coastline and now must set up a management scheme to stop many risks. Over various years many protection methods have been used. Concrete sea-walls were built to protect the cliffs; however it has been proven that actually absorb the wave energy instead of reflecting it. They are also an eye-sore. Groynes have also been introduced in the system and they stop the movement of material along beaches as well as widening them. Low-lying areas have been protected by dykes and flood walls, however some people have suggested that coastal flooding should take place as a natural event even if property is at risk. There have also been attempts to protect wildlife areas and bird sanctuaries. Their Objectives The New Forest District Council have many objectives and some are more important than others, including: 1. The coast need to be protected because many properties are lined on the cliff edges and there is a big risk of them collapsing. 2. Areas of value need to be protected as they attract tourists and bring in more money for the locals and the council so they can easily afford to protect the rest of the coastline. 3. The landscape is important as it also brings in more tourists with its natural beauty of which should be protected. 4. Pollution needs to be prevented so any sort of protection doesn't become eroded by acid rain and also to improve the quality of life and the water that goes into the towns. 5. The coasts' economy needs to be recognised so it can be maintained and the social functions of the coast can take place. 6. Cooperation is important between everyone from the local councils to the industry owners. 7. Public awareness needs to be improved to let people know where they stand and what danger they are in. 8. Historical aspects needs to protected because they are an important part of history, this is not very important. 9. Developing criteria for the development of the coast is important for future vents and emergencies. 10. The least important is recreational activities as these can be done in many other places. Alternative Suggestions There are any other ways in which the coastline can be protected. On the coast many things can be used for protection. A recurved sea wall can reflect the waves and push them back out to the sea. Rip-rap are large boulders used on the coast to absorb the wave energy and disperses it. Gabions are used to absorb some of the wave energy and stop erosion as do wooden revetments. To decide what to use we would use cost-benefit analysis which would allow us to make best use of our money.

The Effects of Neuromarketing in Consumer Behavior

Neuromarketing helps many companies and academics to understand how the neurons in our brains behave in such a way that stimulates and influences our desire to consume products from a particular brand. The purpose of my research was to find out what influences my buying decisions referencing the book Buy-ology by Martin Lindstrom, which talks a about a Neuromarketing study that used 2,000 volunteers from around the world and related to the concepts learned in Consumer Behavior class. A personal consumption Journal is an excellent source of information that describes in detail my personal consumption experiences helping me to be more attentive of my consumer habits when marketers try to influence my judgment towards a product. The journal of Stephen J Gould states that â€Å"introspection involves the provision of verbal data about one’s own experiences that are consciously available only to oneself†. The data I collected with my journal was important and useful because it gave me the opportunity to compare the findings of Lindstrom with my personal experiences as an active consumer of a capitalist society. The journal was a challenging task for me because it took me a long time to be adapted to maintain up to date the log, eventually it became a routine. My consumer journal revealed that I was constantly seduced by companies to buy more products of their brand using my sensory receptors to attract my attention. An example was Victoria secret, my favorite lingerie and beauty store that seduce me to enter the store with an appealing smell and a mannequin wearing beautiful lingerie. Once you walk into the store there is a feeling of privacy and comfort. A quote from my Journal says â€Å"the lovely smell and texture of the Victoria secret cream increase my desire to come back and buy more products†. I immediately related my experience with the concept learned in class about sensation which is the instant reaction of the sensory organs to a stimulus. Companies try to create unique scents for their products in order to remain in the mind of the shoppers. One example is the Johnson and Johnson’s baby cream that just by a quick smell of the product; you will be immediately transported to your childhood memories. Lindstrom states that these kinds of associations are why companies use the mell of vanilla which is found in breast milk. An experiment carried out by a clothing store revealed that when the vanilla scents were sprayed across the women’s department, sales of the female merchandising increase in high numbers. Today companies are more frequently adopting the Sensory branding because if the consumer perceives a enjoyable scent with an attractive and seductive product, we are more likely to remember the product making it easy to the company to stay in your subconscious. Many companies around the world are using Neuromarketing to meet success in launching their new product. One example is Christian Dior, which scanned its new perfume J’adore to a series of FMRI studies to determine its ad placements in the market. As a result, they gathered a great success in selling their perfume J’adore and coincidentally having me as one of their loyal consumer. Neuroscience is so powerful that can even determine by brain scans how much a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service. Lindstrom conducted a series of studies on how a consumer perceives prices and if it had an influence on the decision of buying the product. He says â€Å"When subjects view luxury products such as Louis Vuitton and Gucci being sold at full price, both the nucleus accumbens and the anterior cingulated light up, showing the pleasure of anticipatory reward mixed with the conflict about buying such an expensive doodad. But when consumers are shown the same products at a significant discount, the â€Å"conflict† signal decreases as the reward activation simultaneously goes up† (Lindstrom, 2008, 197). In my log, I wrote my experience when buying a dress for a special dinner I had in October. I went to the Guess store to try to find the perfect outfit for my special occasion, all the merchandise I liked was at retail price so I decided to go to Macys and look in the guess section for my surprise the dress I wanted in guess was priced at 25% off at Macys. In my mind the price of the dress persuade me to buy the item thinking that I was getting a good deal. The study of Lindstrom and my personal experience was a clearly example of reference prices which is the price a consumer utilize as a source for comparison in judging another price. Lindstrom recalls an interesting study in his book performed by researches from Stanford University and the California Institute of Technology in which they asked twenty volunteers to position their pleasure and delight of different priced wines under an FMRI. The trap was that two of the wines were presented twice, one with a high price and the other with a low price. The findings of the researches state â€Å"When the expensive wine was presented, there was a flurry of activity in subjects’ medial orbitofrontal cortices, where they perceive pleasantness-indicating that the higher price of a product enhances our enjoyment of it†. In my opinion, the use an expensive product makes us feel pleased because in our minds we relate quality with expensive prices which is not always true. In Colombia the prices of low quality clothing are very high compared with the income of the population. Every time I go back home I complain about the market and their prices, entrepreneurs tend to take advantage of the people by buying merchandise at a low price in the U. S and china and selling in Colombia for five times the wholesale price. I understand that is a business and profit need to be made but an extremely high price in products limits the consumer capacity to consume. The book Buy-ology by Martin Lindstrom explains how his recent research in Neuroscience reveals revolutionary concepts about how people are influence by various advertisements strategies. Lindstrom through a detail study of the brain evaluates the effectiveness of the subconscious ads and is able to determine that they are actually more effective than the traditional advertisement logos. In his book he explains the effectiveness of subliminal advertisement campaigns and depicts real life scenarios of the marketing world. Lindstrom in his three year study, with a cost of seven million, engaged some of the top Neuroscientists – Dr Gemma Calvert current chair in applied Neuroimaging at the University of Warwick, England and founder of Neurosense in Oxford was in charge of overseeing the research team for this study. One of the conducted case studies was to discover if subliminal messages would produce cravings similar to the ones generated by the traditional logos. They picked the tobacco industry for this experiment since it is one of the industries which have been forced to adopt new marketing strategies due to the global tobacco advertisement ban effort. Tobacco companies such as Marlboro and Camel have implemented subliminal messages in response to this ban which have now, after this research, proven to be more effective. Lindstrom writes â€Å" More fascinating still, when Dr Calvert compared the brains’ responses to the two different types of images, she found even more activity in the reward and craving centers when ubjects viewed the subliminal images than when they viewed the overt images. In other words, the logo-free images associated with cigarettes, like Ferrari and the sunset, triggered more cravings among smokers than the logos or images of the cigarette pack themselves† ( Lindstrom, 2008,84). Formula one being one of the top most watched sports in the world created an association between the competing teams and tob acco brands. Prior to the tobacco bans Formula one teams’ were sponsored primarily by cigarette companies such as Marlboro, Camel, Lucky Brand, etc and their logos were decaled all over the cars. For all those who were acquainted with the sport, this long-lasting relationship between teams and tobacco brands created an association in people’s perceptions that still exist today even when the tobacco logos have been removed form the cars. A clear example of this is Ferrari with Marlboro, their cars, drivers and mechanics jumpsuits are red just like the Marlboro original brand logo, but more interesting that this long lasting partnership with Phillip Morris was the barcode logo that they had been using up until the beginning of this year, which according to the experts, resembles the bottom of a Marlboro cigarette pack. John Britton, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and director of its tobacco advisory group, states, â€Å"according to the Times: â€Å"The bar code looks like the bottom half of a packet of Marlboro cigarettes. I was stunned when I saw it. This is pushing at the limits. If you look at how the bar code has evolved over the last four years, it looks like creeping branding. † (Pitpass. com). As being a Formula One fan myself, I experienced similar results to those conducted by Lindstrom. In my Journal, I noticed that my friends and I were always purchasing Marlboro cigarettes after watching a race. Unconsciously, I was having a desire to smoke without having being exposed to a Marlboro logo but instead having watched a red Ferrari car race around a circuit for two hours. This indicates that Marlboro has used subliminal message campaigns effectively through their partners creating a greater desire in consumers to purchase their product. This notion contradicts some of the findings of the effectiveness of subliminal persuasion in the book Consumer behavior (chapter 6). The book consumer behavior says â€Å"There is no evidence that subliminal advertising persuades people to buy goods and services. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that subliminal perception has no effects on attitudes toward products and consumption behavior and that most of its effects were discovered in highly artificial situations†. In my research, I learned a lot about the mirror neurons which are accountable for why we imitate other individual’s behavior. The mirror neurons are responsible for when we try to lower our voices when someone is whispering. In terms of consumer behavior we can relate this concept to when we go to the mall and see a mannequin with an amazing dress with the matching shoes and purse that make her look elegant and slim. The consumer immediately buys the dress thinking that we as consumers are going to look the same if we acquiring the style and image that the store wants to sell us. In my journal, I found many scenarios where the mirror neurons influenced my rational thinking and caused me to unconsciously purchase what the store was displaying. In my visit to Hollister, one of the top 10 US clothing brands, I saw a female model at the entrance of the store wearing ultra casual red sweeter that immediately caught my attention because the color was perfect for the Christmas season, which then lead me to go inside the store to purchase the sweeter. The mirror neurons triggered my desire to buy the cool-looking sweeter I saw at Hollister. In conclusion, I was overwhelmed by the responsibility that our neurons and subconscious plays in our consumer behavior and how we attach to certain brands. In my opinion, Neuromarketing will soon be an essential source of information for marketers in terms of predicting the future of a new product in the market. The book Buy-ology explains the latest findings involving brains scans and successfully related to sales and purchases. Overall, Buy-ology gave me the opportunity to compare the statements of the book consumer behavior with the findings of Lindstrom and Dr. Calvert. After the consumer behavior class, I have come to acknowledge my consumer habits and be aware of the marketing strategies that influence my decision-making process.

Health communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Health communication - Essay Example sment and intimidation are common when a person is in a new environment, and for that reason, it is essential to use open-ended questions that encourage a person to talk freely (Duggan, 2006). I am not aware of a good policy/procedure to improve interpersonal communication skills specifically. Health literacy is the ability to access health information about diagnoses, treatment, and medication, and use it appropriately and in an informed manner (Duggan, 2006). It is advisable for patients to have sufficient information about the management of their disease. To ensure a patient understands health literacy, it is essential to improve communication skills and create an environment in which one can understand such concepts. Wendy Johnson presents an interesting insight into the argument. The point about understanding other cultures is vital because of the racial and ethnic differences inherent in the society. It is only through passable communication that a patient can gain health literacy and be actively involved in the treatment process. I agree with Shaylee Read’s post, especially about communication skills. At times, it is essential to have an interpreter to ensure a smooth flow of the communication process and to guarantee that the physician understands the exact problems and requirements of the patient. Even so, in case there are no interpreters, a physician must exercise patience, appreciate, and respect all

Select a grand nursing theory.Explain how application of this theory Essay

Select a grand nursing theory.Explain how application of this theory by nurse leaders and nurse managers can influence outcomes from two of the following areas - Essay Example This theory is grounded on the supposition that the founding principle of nursing is bound in caring as the root of nursing (Burtson & Stichler, 2010). Nurse leaders can use the theory of human caring in patient care delivery and increase patient satisfaction. This theory offers a structure that nurse leaders can use to reinstate the profession’s vision of care that permits care to flow from the nurse leader to other nurses and eventually to the patients (Douglas, 2011). This promotes wholeness and healing among the patients and the nurses (Boykin et al., 2003) By being caring to the staff members, the nurse leaders can rest assured that the nurses will show the same care and compassion to the patients (Burtson & Stichler, 2010). When a leader adopts and demonstrates this theory he or she then opens the door for the nurse staff to start incorporating care in a more thoughtful manner and impact on their interactions with clients (McEwen & Wills, 2014). This then improves delivery of care and the levels of patient satisfaction (Douglas,